Maad Rayan Publishing Company Biomedical Research Bulletin 2980-9924 3 3 2025 09 29 Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Calotropis procera in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review 124 136 10.34172/biomedrb.9074 EN Ali Nakhaei https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9411-2846 Arezoo Omidkhoda Sadaf Afshari Alireza Mohtashami Mohammad Jalili-Nik Mahsa Jalali Seyed Sajad Ahmadi Amir R. Afshari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-9818 REVIEW 10.34172/biomedrb.9074 2025 08 25 2025 09 15 Understanding processes that underlie cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance requires perceiving its distinct features. These characteristics serve as a roadmap for creating innovative treatment approaches that target the core characteristics of cancer, leading to more specialized treatments that may have longer-lasting effects but fewer side effects. Medicinal plants are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide because of their widely acknowledged safety, affordability, and therapeutic potential. They include naturally occurring chemicals that are highly effective in herbal medicine for some cancer-related processes, such as prevention, mutagenesis suppression, antioxidant defense, and cell proliferation inhibition. The Calotropis procera is one recommended target for cancer treatment. Numerous cellular interactions in both healthy growth and illness were regulated by C. procera. In addition, recent research has elucidated the distinct anticancer activities of C. procera and their relationships with other cellular pathways. These benefits have increased expectations for the development of an effective treatment plan for all types of cancer, particularly the breast, prostate, colorectal, and glioblastoma multiforme cancers.