Maad Rayan Publishing Company Biomedical Research Bulletin 2980-9924 2 4 2024 12 29 The Impact of Insulin-Like Growth Factor on the Regeneration of Myelin Sheath 204 208 10.34172/biomedrb.2024.28 EN Tannaz Haghgouie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-7142 Mahdiyeh Shirafkan Navid Shomali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-9658 REVIEW 10.34172/biomedrb.2024.28 2024 11 10 2024 12 19 The regeneration of the myelin sheath, a critical process in restoring neuronal function after injury or disease, is influenced by various molecular factors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) has emerged as a key player in promoting myelin repair due to its roles in cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. This study investigated the impact of IGF on the regeneration of the myelin sheath, focusing on its effects on oligodendrocyte precursor cells, the primary contributors to remyelination. Experimental models revealed that IGF enhances oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes, which are essential for myelin production. Additionally, IGF could modulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, which are crucial for neuroprotection and myelin repair. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of IGF in conditions characterized by demyelination, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and traumatic brain injury. Accordingly, further research is needed to optimize IGF delivery methods and evaluate their long-term efficacy and safety in clinical settings. Eventually, this study highlights IGF as a promising candidate for advancing regenerative therapies targeting myelin sheath restoration.