Zheng Dong
1 
, Zheifeng Xu
1* 1 Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer have spurred advancements in precise and effective early diagnosis methods. This study aimed to explore electrochemical biosensors for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC). Biomarkers are crucial in screening tests and the treatment, prognosis, and medical management of CRC. Quick and accurate detection of these biomarkers aids in the early diagnosis of CRC. The article reviews various electrochemical recognition methods for CRC biomarkers, including nanomaterials and immunosensors. It also discusses the construction of electrochemical biosensors for distinguishing CRC-associated biomarkers. The combination of electrochemical biosensors offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability due to nanomaterials’ unique physical and chemical properties, easy surface functionalization, high electrochemical activity, and excellent compatibility. However, challenges such as electrode passivation, nonspecific adsorption, signal drift, and result accuracy need further refinement. Moreover, more sensitive and specific biomarkers are necessary for the initial diagnosis of CRC, along with the combinations of biomarkers for multiple tests. This study also presents an updated survey of electrochemical-cell-based biosensors, demonstrating promise for cancer detection.